How Permaculture Can Restore Ecosystems & Communities

[Spiritwind]

How Permaculture Can Restore Ecosystems & Communities

Maddy Harland

http://www.permaculture.co.uk/articles/ ... ommunities

Maddy Harland tells the story of the Shona African community who healed their damaged ecosystems. They restored their springs, rebuilt their soil, regenerated their agriculture and alleviated poverty and malnutrition. Permaculture farming has proven effective all over the planet.

In the rural Shona African community in Zimbabwe, five villages of 7,000 people have joined together to form the Chikukwa Project, named after their local chief. Twenty years ago their land was deforested, barren, and nothing would grow there in the summer months. When the rains came, they washed down the slopes taking the soil with them. The springs had dried up and the people were poor, hungry, and suffering from malnutrition.

The Shona decided to do something about it and sought advice from permaculture pioneer, John Wilson. Slowly, a field at a time, they built water retaining landscapes: terracing the slopes and digging swales to hold the water in the soil. They added composted manure to these terrace beds to build soil and grow food. They stopped grazing animals and foraging for firewood in the gullies where the springs rose and planted native trees there to hold the moisture in the soil. They also stopped untethered grazing of goats on the hillsides, allowing trees to regenerate, and they started driving their cattle to agreed grazing areas. They learnt new skills: specifically permaculture training, conflict resolution, women’s empowerment, primary education and HIV management.

Within three years, the springs began to reactivate. They saw that the yields from the plots with swales were bigger than the plots without them. Twenty years later, where there was once eroded soil and over-grazed slopes, there are now reforested gullies with flowing water, terraces full of vegetables, grains and fruit, and high ridges lined with trees for firewood. In the villages, there are home gardens, pens for hens and goats, water tanks to catch rainfall runoff, and a culture of cooperation that values people skills as much as horticultural techniques. The landscape is verdant and biodiverse, and the gardens and farms produce crops for the families and for market, bringing an economic yield back into the region. All this in one generation.

Gillian and Terrence Leahy, film makers, were invited to make a film about this transformation at Chikukwa.1 They saw how these Shona Africans had pulled themselves out of hunger and malnutrition, using permaculture farming techniques and bottom-up social organisation. They understood that this could be replicated anywhere in the world.

The Loess Plateau in China, an area the size of France, was similarly regenerated using water retention landscapes. This was documented by John Liu in his incredible film, Green Gold.2There are many more stories from all over the world where permaculture and other regenerative techniques have been applied to barren lands. Earth restoration is not only possible, it is already happening. We need to build capacity and find ways to take this work wherever it is needed, helping people to lift themselves out of poverty and rebuild broken communities. John calls this ‘the great work of our time’, work that not only restores whole ecosystems but also brings dignity and wellbeing to our fellow human beings. Nelson Mandela said, “Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity, it is an act of Justice. Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man made and can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings. Sometimes it falls on a generation to be great. You can be that generation. Let greatness blossom.”

It is perhaps easier to regenerate rural landscapes where the vestiges of a traditional culture retains gardening and farming skills, but it can happen in post-industrial wastelands too. I have been following permaculture teacher, Sarah Pugh, as she travels through the urban American landscape, researching urban permaculture projects. Sarah lives in Bristol, UK and works with permaculture and transition there. She set up Shift Bristol, a training project that takes people through a year of learning practical permaculture. Sarah wanted, however, to reach beyond her own city and see for herself what urban regeneration looks like in places like Detroit, Chicago and San Francisco where the extremes of wealth and poverty are keenly experienced. She visited Detroit and she observed, “So much space, so much energy, so many problems ... so much potential. The population of Brightmoor [a local neighborhood] has dropped from 20,000 to less than 10,000. 70,000 empty, burned out and rotting houses in Detroit. Community gardening in full swing here...”

Sarah leaves a trail of hope on social media as she travels. It is such a different story from the usual diet of pet videos, celebrity gossip and the haunting escalation of our global problems. We hear too much of the dark side in all medias, and too little of the solutions. I am convinced that it makes people turn away and disengage, feeling that our futures are hopelessly predetermined. This magazine is different. It is full of stories of hope, and we hope you not only enjoy it, but are inspired.

Here is the website with more info.

http://www.thechikukwaproject.com

[Naga_Fireball]

Such a heartwarming article full of hope!!
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For those of you who have read DUNE series,
you'll recall "Imperial Planetologist" Pardot Kynes and his son Liet Kynes --
dispatched to oversee and report back to the emperor from the desert planet of DUNE,
Pardot and Liet fall in love with the native culture and ecology,
and begin to live double lives -- publicly, servants of the empire,
privately, members of the Sietch warrens and friends of the Fremen natives.

The origins of the Fremen in DUNE are tough to analyze, but Herbert helpfully gives details;
they are an Arabic people, possibly Moorish also, very Islamic with some far Eastern religion mixed in,
kind of like Sikhism-post-apocalypse.

The Fremen originated on Earth but due to the atomic war that destroyed the planet,
and also the history of Earth's persecution of the desert peoples, they have "hopped" from planet to planet,
being driven and enslaved by the empire, until finally finding DUNE and realizing,
once the Fremen learn to live in balance with the harshness of the planet,
that harshness is a wonderful defense against outsiders.

But of course, the Fremen suffer unspeakably, and even more so, the semi-civilized peoples of "pan and graben",
meaning those who no longer thrive in the desert but have settled elsewhere, dependent on a local resource.

Later in the first novel, son of planetary Duke/Suzerain Leto Atreides of DUNE, formerly of the waterworld Caladan,
Paul Atreides, discovers a new life among the Fremen following a dispute between imperial great houses.
The dispute claims the lives of many friends and foes, but gives Paul the chance to live life as a Fremen.
He soon meets Liet Kynes, not in his capacity as imperial planetologist at all, but as leader of the Fremen.
Kynes doesn't survive the great house wars, but before his end, he communicates his dream for DUNE to the Fremen people,
including their children, and Paul takes up the challenge of transforming DUNE inch by inch from an inhospitable desert to a water-rich world full of growing things.

His son Leto II, who becomes God Emperor of Dune after altering his physicality by fostering a strange parasite,
allowing him supernatural speed and toughness, carries out his father's dream very forcefully.

Leto is seemingly the unconscious response of Dune to the dying dream of Liet Kynes.
Liet is swallowed up by the sand after being abandoned in the desert. His last thoughts are of the planet he loves so well,
and the irony that it is killing him. Later of course the near-immortal Leto Atreides, after his own period in the desert,
is reborn as a human with sandworm skin, thereby allowing him to complete the dream of Liet.

Of course later in the novels, the descendants of Dune's people grow to resent that Dune's natural face has been taken away,
and replaced with "water-soft luxury".

There will, strangely enough, always be an element of our humanity that seeks the crucible of the desert.

But at the spaceport landing fields in the novel, an inscription can be read in earlier years:

"Those who know what we suffer here, remember us in your prayers"