This study is quite broad, including but not limited to kabbalistic concepts, astrology, tarot, and numerology. It is helpful to have at least a rudimentary understanding of these various systems.
We'll start with the occult meanings of numbers. I will precede each numerical description with it's co-related Pattern on the Trestleboard. The following are not my words, and some of the language used I probably would have chosen differently, but it's a good beginning.
From The Tarot - A Key to the Wisdom of the Ages, by Paul Foster Case:
0 - All the power that ever was or will be is here now.
0 - Zero: An ellipse, representing the Cosmic Egg, whence come all things. Zero is a symbol of the absence of quality, quantity, or mass. Thus it denotes absolute freedom from every limitation whatsoever. It is a sign of the infinite and eternal Consciousness Energy, itself a No-Thing, though manifested in everything. That which was, is, and shall be forever; but it is nothing we can name. Boundless, infinitely potential, living light, it is the rootless root of all things, of all activities, of all modes of consciousness. In it are included all imaginable and unimaginable possibilities, but it transcends them all. The Qabalists call it: (a) No-Thing (b) The Boundless; (c) Limitless Light. Pure Consciousness Energy, above and beyond thought, to us it is Superconsciousness.
The descending arc of the ellipse, on the readers left, represents Involution, the "winding-up" process whereby Limitless Light manifests itself in name and form. at B the lowest point of Involution is reached in the mineral kingdom.
From B back to A on the right side of the ellipse, the ascending arc represents Evolution, the "unwinding" process. From B to F is the arc of evolution in the inorganic world. F to H is the arc of organic development up through plants to animals. H to D is the arc of organic development from the lowest animal to the highest type of human consciousness at point D. Only a few humans have reached this point, but the race is nearer to it now than ever before. The arc from D to A is that of conscious expression beyond human levels, the evolution of conscious one-ness with the Divine.
Thus the two sides of the ellipse suggest the esoteric doctrine of Involution or descent, and a corresponding Evolution, or ascent.

1 - I AM a center of expression for the primal will to good, which eternally creates and sustains the universe.
1 - one: the vertical line from A to B, connecting the extreme height with the extreme depth. Beginning, initiative, originality, unity, singleness, isolation...in Qabalah called...the Supreme Crown. Represents the determining, ruling, and volition all aspect of consciousness. This primary mode of consciousness is concealed behind all veils of name and form...the I AM - the Onlooker, seeing creation through countless eyes, manifesting itself through innumerable personalities. All things are manifestations or projections in time and space of the I AM...expressed in all forms.
2 - Through me, it's unfailing wisdom takes form in thought and word.
2 - two: Duplication, reflection, receptivity, dependence, alternation, antagonism...Wisdom, the reflection of the perfect self consciousness of the I AM...mirror wherein....sees itself. Named Illuminating Intelligence...aspect of universal consciousness which manifests through human personality. In Hebrew occultism 2 is the number of the Life-force in all creatures.
3 - Filled with understanding of its perfect law, I am guided, moment by moment, along the path of liberation.
3 - three: Multiplication, development, growth, unfoldment...outworking of principles reflected from 1 by 2. In Qabalah, 3 is Understanding, looking forward into the field of manifestation, in contrast to Wisdom (2), which looks back to the self-knowledge of the I AM (1). Through growth or expression comes the perfected manifestation of the potencies latent in the Limitless Light.
4 - From the exhaustless riches of its limitless substance, I draw all things needful, both spiritual and material.
4 - four: Four shows a triangle (3) and a T-square, a geometrical symbol of 4 itself. Suggests planning, surveying, topography...order, classification, recording, tabulation. Qabalists make 4 the number of memory. Because the life-power's perfect memory of it's own potencies and of the needs of even the least of it's centers of expression cannot be supposed to fail, the idea of Beneficence is...assigned to 4. All the gifts of the life-force are measured out. Every center of expression receives exactly what is coming to it, always.
5 - I recognize the manifestation of the undeviating Justice in all the circumstances of my life.
5 - five: Mediation, adaptation, means, agency, activity, process...the dynamic law proceeding from the abstract order (4). To primitive minds, the working of Law seems to be the operation of many forces, mostly hostile to man. Ignorant persons endeavor to propitiate the power they fear. Their sacrifices are the beginning of religious ritual...5 is the number of religion. Hebrew sages ...say that 5 is the number of Strength and Severity, as well as of Fear...man, whose numerical symbol is also 5, may so adapt natural conditions that he may realize progressive liberation from every kind of bondage...number of versatility...shows the changing aspects of the One Law, inspiring fear in the ignorant, perceived by the materialist as relentless strength, and understood by the wise as undeviating Justice. This One Law is the root of all operations of the life-power, and is therefore called Radical Intelligence. Man can change conditions. This is the secret of his power to realize freedom.
6 - In all things great and small, I see the beauty of the divine expression.
6 - six: A free Life-power (0), knowing itself perfectly(1), grasping all possibilities within itself (2), understanding just how these possibilities may be worked out into expression (3), never forgetting itself, or any detail of the perfect order of its self-manifestation (4), and developing that order through the agency of a perfectly just law or method (5), must inevitably be working toward a perfectly symmetrical, balanced, and therefore beautiful result. Meanings of 6...balance, equilibrium, symmetry, beauty, harmony of opposites, reciprocity; complimentary activities, polarity, love.
7 - Living from that will, supported by its unfailing wisdom and understanding, mine is the victorious life.
7 - seven: The more important occult meanings of 7 are rest, safety, security, victory. To the ancients 7 represented temporary cessation, not final perfection...In Hebrew, the word for "seven" and that for "oath" are closely related...stands for logical consequence of the ideas symbolized by the numbers preceding it. The Great Work is as yet unfinished. The Cosmic Experiment has not yet come to completion, but when we consider the Source of that experiment, the nature of the Worker in that work, reason assures us that it must succeed...The aspect of consciousness to which 7 corresponds is called the Occult or Hidden Intelligence.
8 - I look forward with confidence to the perfect realization of the eternal splendor of the limitless light.
8 - eight: It is the only figure except 0 which may be written over and over again without lifting pen from paper. Among it's occult meanings are: rhythm, alternate cycles of involution and evolution, vibration, flux and reflux...It also represents the fact that opposite forms of expression (that is, all pairs of opposites) are effects of a single cause...number 8 is the digit value of the name IHVH, 888 is the numeration of the name Jesus in Greek...also the particular name of the God called Thoth...number of magic and of the Hermetic Science. It's Hebrew name is Splendor, and is the aspect of consciousness to which it corresponds is called Perfect Intelligence...perfect realization of the success represented by the number 7.
9 - In thought and word and deed, I rest my life, from day to day, upon the sure foundation of eternal being.
9 - nine: Completion, attainment, fulfillment...end of a cycle of activity. Yet, because 8 indicates Rhythm as part of the creative process, completion is not absolute cessation. The end of one cycle is the beginning of another...Nobody ever reaches a point where nothing more remains to be hoped for...to be accomplished...In Qabalah, therefore, 9 is called the Basis or Foundation, and corresponds to the mode of consciousness named Pure or Clear Intelligence.
10 - The Kingdom of spirit is embodied in my flesh.
10 - ten: Ten combines the ellipse of super consciousness (0) with the vertical line of self-consciousness (1). It is the number of perfection and dominion...suggests the outpouring of the limitless Life-power through the initiative, specialization and concentration of the I AM. Qabalists call the number 10 the Kingdom...Resplendent Intelligence - brilliant, glowing, full of life and power...it's seat in Understanding (3). Our citizenship in the Kingdom-of-Heaven-on-Earth is determined by the degree of our understanding.